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Research & Development Applications
Trek’s products are utilized in research for smart materials, piezoelectrics, plasma chemistry, materials poling, displays, electrostatics, mass spectrometry, nanotechnology applications, electrocoalescence and more. The following applications represent a cross-section of how Trek products are used in R&D. Please note that nanotechnology applications can occur within many of the R&D segments listed here.Whether or not you see your specific R&D application below, please contact us for assistance.
Accelerator Mass Spectrometer
Trek provides amplifiers that are used to deflect the ion beam for the selection and analysis of the ions.
Trek Product: 2200 Series, 30/20A, 20/20C, 20/20C-HS, P0621, 10/10B-HS, 609E-6, PZD700A, PZD2000A
Electroactive Polymers (EAP)
Trek’s amplifiers are used to characterize these new materials and to control the strain or position of EAP actuator by controlling voltage applied across the actuator.
Trek Product: 20/20C, 20/20C-HS, 10/40A, 10/40A-HS, 10/10B-HS, 610E, 609B-3, 5/80
Electrohydrodynamics (EHD)
Trek’s amplifiers are used to control the electric field levels utilized in the study of the fluid/gas motion induced by electric fields.
Trek Product: 30/20A, 20/20C, 20/20C-HS, 10/40A,
10/40A-HS,10/10B-HS
Electron Beam Ion Traps (EBIT) and Electron Beam Ion Sources (EBIS)
Trek’s high voltage power amplifiers are used to control the electron beam energy, anode voltage (extraction supply), and deflection.
Trek Product: 30/20A, 20/20C, 20/20C-HS, 10/10B-HS,
609B-3, 609E-6, 40/15, 50/12
Electrophoretic Display
Trek’s amplifiers control the electric fields across the display to move the charged particles into the desired position to create the image to be displayed.
Trek Product: 2300, 2200 Series, PZD350A, PZD700A, 601C, 677B, PZD2000A
Electrospinning (to form ultrafine polymer fibers)
Trek’s amplifiers are used to provide high voltages (typically 10kV to 20 kV) to generate sufficient surface charge to overcome the surface tension in a drop of polymer fluid. This results in the ejection of a fluid jet that is drawn down by acceleration to a grounded collector. The diameters of the electrospun fibers are at least one order of magnitude smaller than those made by conventional extrusion techniques.
Trek Product: 2300, 610E, 20/20C, 20/20C-HS, P0621, 40/15, 50/12
Electrostatic Coatings (Abrasives )
Trek’s amplifiers generate electric fields to control the orientation and spacing of particles (such as abrasives) that are electrostatically applied onto a backing material.
Electrostatic Flame Control
Trek’s amplifiers are used to generate and manipulate electrostatic fields in order to alter the charge behavior of carbon particles in flames, thereby affecting flame stability.
Electrostatic Precipitation
Trek’s HV amplifiers are used in research applications for improving electrostatic precipitator methodologies.
Trek Product: 2300, 10/10B-HS, 10/40A, 10/40A-HS, 20/20C, 20/20C-HS, 30/20A, 40/15, 50/12
Fluidized Bed
Trek’s amplifiers are used to apply electric fields to stabilize fluidized beds (1). Trek’s electrostatic voltmeters (ESVMs) are used for charge monitoring (2).
Trek Product: (1) 10/10B-HS, 609B-6, 20/20C, 20/20C-HS" (2) 347, 341B
Fusion, Heavy Ion Beam Probe
Trek’s amplifiers are used to electrostatic scan a heavy ion beam through the plasma.
Langmuir-Blodgett Films
Trek noncontacting electrostatic voltmeters (ESVMs) are used to measure the electrostatic voltage of these films, which consist of one or more mono-layers of an organic material, deposited from the surface of a liquid onto a solid, typically by immersing the solid substrate into the liquid. The step can be repeated to form additional layers and thus control film thickness.
Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS)
Trek’s amplifiers are typically used to apply voltages to provide electrostatic attraction or repulsion to control the movement of the micro-mechanical structures.
Non-Thermal Plasma Chemistry
Trek provides standard high voltage amplifiers, which are used for R&D of plasma reactors and plasma chemistry processes. Trek, also designs custom power supplies for specific reactor requirements. These amplifiers provide the energy to start and control the plasma generation, which enhances the chemical reaction.
Trek Product: 20/20C, 20/20C-HS, 10/10B-HS, 30/20, 5/80, 10/40, 10/40A-HS, 40/15, 50/12
Partial Discharge (dielectric testing)
Trek provides high voltage amplifiers that are used to apply AC voltage to insulation systems to create the partial discharges or for high voltage dielectric spectroscopy. The use of AC waveforms at higher frequency provide a higher stress on the insulators as compared to DC voltages or low frequency AC voltages.
Trek Product: 30/20A, 20/20C, 20/20C-HS, 10/40A,
10/40A-HS, 10/10B-HS, 610E, 40/15, 50/12
Pulsed-Field Electrophoresis
Trek’s amplifiers are used to apply a pulsed voltage waveform across the capillary tube to provide generate a rapid separation of large biopolymers.
Trek Product: 20/20C, 20/20C-HS, 10/10B-HS, 10/40A, 10/40A-HS
Work Function Measurement or Contact Potential Measurements
Trek’s noncontacting electrostatic voltmeters (ESVMs) are used to measure the difference in electrostatic potential between a reference electrode material and the test material. Note that the work function is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from the Fermi level in a metal to a point at a finite distance outside the surface. Contact potential difference is the electrostatic potential that exists between two samples of electrically conductive dissimilar materials.
Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD)
Trek high voltage and high frequency amplifiers are used as AC generators in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) applications. DBD is the electrical discharge between two electrodes separated by an insulating dielectric barrier. This discharge creates plasma in the dielectric between the electrodes. The plasma is the result of ionization of the gaseous molecules between the dielectric material and the grounded electrode.
Trek Product: 2300, 30/20A, 20/20C, 20/20C-HS, 10/10B-HS, 40/15, 50/12
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Electrocoalescence
Trek’s amplifiers are used to assist in applying electric fields to mixtures, such as oil and water, in connection with electrocoalescence studies which can impact the oil and petroleum industry as well as other industries where separation of water from oil is important, as in the edible oil industry.
Electroluminescence
Trek’s amplifier is used to apply an electric current or a strong electric field, to produce an optical phenomenon and electrical phenomenon where a material emits light.
Electrooptic Modulation
Trek’s amplifiers are used to apply high voltage potentials across electrooptic materials to create birefringence in the material.
Electrorheological Materials (ER Materials)
Trek’s amplifiers are used to control the electric fields across the liquids to control the viscosity.
Trek Product: 2300, 609E-6, 10/10B-HS, 20/20C, 20/20C-HS, 609B-3, 610E
Electrospraying
Trek’s amplifiers are used to control the electric field strength to create the electrospray; this technique atomizes a droplet from a capillary needle, drawn out by an electric field.
Electrostatic Deflection
Trek’s amplifiers are used to generate electrostatic fields for precise deflection (steering) of particles for utilization in ion beam steering and other research and commercial applications.
Trek Product: 2300, 10/10B-HS, 10/40A, 10/40A-HS, 20/20C, 30/20A, 40/15, 50/12
Electrostatic Levitation
Trek’s amplifiers are used to control the level of an electric field to lift a charged object and counteract the effects of gravity.
Trek Product: 2300, 20/20C, 20/20C-HS, 10/10B-HS, 609B-3, 40/15, 50/12
Ferroelectric and Smart Material Characterization
Trek’s amplifiers are used to sweep voltage across these materials while monitoring the current required in order to measure the electrical characteristics and hysteresis of these materials.
Trek Product: 610E, 609B-3, 609E-6, 601C, 20/20C,
20/20C-HS,
10/10B-HS
Fusion, Electron Cyclotron Resonant Heating (ECRH)
Trek’s amplifiers are used to control the body supply of the gyrotron tube to control the acceleration energy in the tube.
High Voltage Cable Testing (and HV Component Testing)
Trek’s amplifiers are used for testing of high voltage cables (and components) in connection with analysis of breakdown, punch- through, fatigue, partial discharge, voltage hold-off and other critical characteristics.
Trek Product: 2300, 10/40A, 10/40A-HS, 20/20C, 20/20C-HS, 30/20A, 40/15, 50/12
Material Charging from Space Radiation Measurements
Trek’s electrostatic voltmeters (ESVMs) are used to measure residual charging in materials from exposure to radiation from electron beams and other sources to simulate the radiation in a space environment.
Material Poling
Trek’s electrostatic voltmeters are used for charge measurements of electrets and corona charged surfaces (1). Trek’s amplifiers are also used for periodic poling of nonlinear optical materials and piezoelectric materials (2).
Trek Product: (1) 347, 341B; (2) 2300, P0621, 20/20C, 20/20C-HS, 10/10B-HS, 623B, 609E-6, 10/40A, 10/40A-HS, 30/20A, 610E
Microfluidics/Electrokinetic Instability
Trek’s amplifiers are used for controlling DC and AC electric fields to stir or create a flow of a fluid in a microfluidic device.
Piezoelectric Research
Amplifiers are used in driving of piezoelectric elements and poling of piezoelectric materials.
Trek Product: 2200 Series, PZD350A, PZD350A M/S, PZD700A, PZD700A M/S, PZD2000A
Pyroelectric Materials
Trek amplifiers are used to apply voltage to materials to measure the resulting change in temperature of the material.
Traveling Wave Decelerators & Cold Molecules
Trek amplifiers (with the use of an arbitrary waveform generator) are used as the high voltage source to supply oscillating high voltages to a series of ring electrodes used in the Traveling Wave Decelerator. The ability to ramp from a high frequency “chirp” signal to DC over a specified period of time is essential in gaining the necessary control for trapping molecules and bringing them to a complete standstill for study.
Trek Product: 5/80
